We propose a new device especially designed to test membranes for islet macroencapsulation. It is composed of three independent parts: a support made of three polytetrafluoroethylene rings, the membrane that forms the walls of the encapsulation chamber, and a collagen gel that immobilizes the islets. Studies of this device were performed with the AN69 membrane. After 2 months of implantation in the peritoneal cavity of rats, the empty device was found to be biocompatible, referred to as weak cellular adhesion. In vitro the encapsulation preserved the peak of insulin release in response to high glucose during a perifusion test (0.36 +/- 0.02 microU/ml/islet for free or encapsulated islets). As a result of the collagen gel, the morphological aspect and functional activity were still preserved after 7 days of culture. In vivo xenotransplantation into diabetic mice normalized the fasting glycemia up to 30 days. Numerous macrophages adhered to the outer surface of the membrane, and a layer of cells emerging from the destruction of islets covered the inner surface. In addition, the morphological aspect of many islets was altered. By showing that the AN69 membrane was only partially efficient for islet xenotransplantation, this new device proved to be of interest for testing a variety of membranes.