Background: The Q-switched ruby laser has been used successfully to treat a variety of benign pigmented lesions. In this study, congenital nevi (diameter, < or = 5 cm) in 18 prepubertal children were treated with the Q-switched ruby laser.
Observations: Photographic evaluation revealed an average of 57% clearance of pigmentation in all treated nevi by the fourth treatment session and an average maximum clearance of 76% after approximately eight sessions. Greater than 90% clearance of pigment was attained in five patients. Partial repigmentation was seen in all patients who were followed up after discontinuation of therapy. Findings from histopathologic studies, obtained from one patient, revealed reduction of nevus cells in papillary dermis and upper reticular dermis that correlated with clinical lightening. There was no such reduction in the lower reticular dermis. side effects were limited to transient erythema and hypopigmentation.
Conclusions: The Q-switched ruby laser effectively lightens and may clear pigmentation and eliminate superficial nevus cells from small and medium congenital nevi safely without scarring. However, these results are not permanent. The Q-switched ruby laser may be a viable alternative for providing cosmetic improvement for unresectable lesions, but it should not be considered definitive treatment. Additional studies are needed to address the long-term results of this therapy.