The species composition of sand flies and the seasonality of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli were studied in the southern Jordan Valley from May to November 1992 using CDC light traps. Eleven species of sand flies were recorded, including P. kazeruni Theodor & Mesghali and P. tobbi Adler & Theodor, which are new records for the study area, and Sergentomyia squamipleuris Newstead, which is reported for the first time from Jordan. P. papatasi was the most abundant Phlebotomus species collected from domestic habitats as well as Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar burrows, comprising 89.4 and 99.5% of the total Phlebotomus catches, respectively. The catch of P. papatasi in CDC light traps was compared among domestic habitats, P. obesus burrows in an agriculturally modified semiarid rural habitat, and P. obesus burrows in a natural semiarid rural habitat. Peak P. papatasi abundance occurred in September and October and then declined sharply by late November. The abundance and temporal association of P. papatasi activity with the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area pointed to the significance of this sand fly in the transmission of the parasite.