Medication usage in neonatal resuscitation has been largely extrapolated from adult resuscitation guidelines. Compared to older children and adults, newborn infants have major anatomical and physiological differences which affect their need for and response to medications during resuscitation. This article discusses some of these differences, highlights the discussion of the Emergency Cardiac Care Panel for Neonatal Pharmacology, lists the recommendations of the panel to the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee, and discusses areas of future research in neonatal resuscitation.