From January 1989 to May 1992, 70 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed in 69 patients, 53 of whom had cirrhosis (77%). Eleven patients (16%) had preoperative partial or total portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Ten of these patients had cirrhosis of various causes. PVT was total in three cases and partial in eight. Total PVT was detected preoperatively in all three cases. By contrast, partial PVT was diagnosed preoperatively in only three of the eight cases. In the five other cases of partial PVT, the obstruction was discovered intraoperatively during dissection of the portal vein. Surgical management of PVT consisted of phlebothrombectomy in ten cases followed by usual end-to-end portal anastomosis in nine cases and anastomosis of the graft's portal vein to the splenomesenteric confluence in one case. Atypical anastomosis of the graft's portal vein to a dilated choledocal vein was performed in one case of total PVT. There were no deaths or complications related to the presence of preoperative PVT or to its management. One patient died postoperatively of primary graft nonfunction at day 5. One patient had arterial thrombosis 3 months after OLT and was successfully retransplanted. Two patients died of recurrent carcinoma 3 and 7 months after OLT. Eight patients are alive 4 to 39 months after OLT. We conclude from this series that (1) the prevalence of preoperative PVT among patients transplanted for advanced cirrhosis may be high (19% of the cirrhotics in this series); (2) PVT is often partial and so difficult to diagnose preoperatively; (3) PVT, even when total, can be managed successfully during surgery and does not seem to affect survival.