Addition of intrauterine lavage with cooled furacilin solution (0-4 degrees C) to a complex of treatment of 87 patients with postpartum endometritis resulted in a sooner recovery as against that in 61 patients administered traditional treatment alone; such a therapeutic course required lesser amounts of drugs, too. To specify endometritis severity and monitor the treatment efficacy, metro-aspirated specimen cytology was examined. Preventive lavage of the uterine cavity postpartum in cases with a 'dry' period longer than 24 h and other factors of risk of infectious complications proved to be highly effective.