This paper presents an overview of important criteria for successful endosseous implantation. It discusses implant-specific anatomy, preoperative planning, the influence of structure and quality of the available bone on implant prognosis, and the principles of mechanical implant site preparation. The presentation also considers the vitality of adjacent bone, implant surface integrity, local bone defect augmentation, implant selection, and immediate implantation. The learning objective of this article is to enhance the knowledge of surgical and implant site preparation protocol.