In order to define the eventual role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of T. evansi infection in Southern Mauritania, the following experiments were carried out: the intravenous inoculation of a ewe and a goat with a local strain of T. evansi isolated from a dairy camel; surveys of small ruminant flocks which graze with infected camels in the South of the Trarza region. The experimental inoculation allowed to show that local sheep and goats are receptive. Only the ewe showed a clinical episode with loss of weight and abortion. During 220 days after inoculation the blood of the goat remained constantly infectious for the mouse whereas in the same period the ewe's blood showed an alternation of infectious and non-infectious phases. However in the field, none of 381 blood smears of small ruminants (207 goats, 174 sheep) were positive and none of the 187 serums (109 goats, 78 sheep). Therefore, it seems that the small ruminants of the South Mauritania do not play any role in the epidemiology of T. evansi camel trypanosomosis even if they are receptive to experimental inoculation.