Two cases of esthesioneuroblastoma occurring in African Nigerians are reported, with a review of the literature. Though the tumour has highly suggestive clinical features, histologic diagnosis may be difficult. The name 'esthesioneuroblastoma' is considered to be preferable to 'olfactory neuroblastoma' in order to avoid consideration of such a tumour as a secondary from the adrenal gland. Early diagnosis and treatment by surgery gives the best chance of cure.