The occurrence of synovial sarcoma in sites other than the extremities is rare. Twelve cases in the hypopharynx but none in the esophagus have been described. A case of polypoid synovial sarcoma arising in the upper third of the esophagus in a 25-year-old man is reported. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of synovial sarcoma arising in the esophagus. The pathologic findings, ultrastructural studies, and results of surgical management and radiotherapy are discussed.