PIP: The frequency of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a major gynecological problem in Uganda, has been largely attributed to the prevalence of gonorrheal infection, although other etiological factors must be considered. This paper analyzes some of the epidemiological aspects of the disease, using data from a prospective and comprehensive study of a series of 86 patients with acute PID admitted to the gynecological ward at Mulago in a 3-month period. A matched control of 100 patients admitted for conditions other than pelvic infection was used for comparison. 59% of the patients were between 20 and 29 years old (Table 1) and 74% were married (only 23 of these did not share their husbands with other wives or concubines) (Table 2). There was a high rate of sterility among the patients, averaging 25.6%, compared to 15% in the control group. Ther was an average of 2.89 pregnancies per parous patient, compared to 3.76 in the control group. Rate of pregnancy wastage was 28.6%, 50% of which were due to abortions. Table 4 shows that sexual activity starts at an early age (14 or earlier) among the local population. Most of the subjects belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Gonococal infection, the commonest etiological factor, was confirmed by bacteriological examination in 33 patients (38.3%). The incidence of PID in developing countries can be reduced through preventive measures and better midwifery services. Health education on venereal diseases, sex and family life should be aimed at a younger age. Expansion of maternity services in the rural areas should also help reduce the incidence.