A review is made of the deaths which occurred in a hemodialysis unit between 1969 and 1977. Sixty-two patients were treated during this period, 18 of whom died. The actuarial percentages of survival are also established. The mortality rate was 15.5 percent during the initial period and 31.5 percent after the fourth year. Deaths in the first monts were caused by cardiac and infectious complications. Those occurring at a later period resulted from the lack of good vascular access which is necessary to maintain a good quality of dialysis.