Arterial pressure was studied in 2,540 cattle-breeders (1289 men and 1251 women) living in three different climatogeographical zones of Mongolia. It was found that the mean values of arterial pressure in cattle-breeders living in alpine regions, both according to age groups and both sexes, were higher than those in cattle-breeders living in mountain regions of middle and low height. The number of cases with systolic, and diastolic hypertension as well as the number of persons with arterial pressure in the dangerous zone are significantly increased in the alpine region as compared to these data in the other regions. In alpine regions and in mountain regions of medium height in Mongolia, the incidence of hypertension among women is higher than that among men.