Caffeine induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB, receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB ligand, and osteoprotegerin pathway

Mariana Cabral Moreno; Gurgiane Rodrigues Gurgel Cavalcante; Flavia Queiroz Pirih; Vanessa de Paula Soares; Katherine Pennington Klein; Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira; José Sandro Pereira da Silva; Ruthinéia Diógenes Alves Uchoa Lins; Aurigena Antunes de Araujo; Maria Luiza Diniz de Sousa Lopes; Hallissa Simplício Gomes Pereira

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.04.009

Caffeine induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB, receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB ligand, and osteoprotegerin pathway

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024 May 16:S0889-5406(24)00147-1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.04.009. Online ahead of print.

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
² Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
³ Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
⁴ Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass.
⁵ Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
⁶ Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Electronic address: marialu.diniz@gmail.com.

PMID: 38762812
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.04.009

Abstract

Introduction: Caffeine is a widely consumed substance with several effects on bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the bone tissue of rats submitted to orthodontic movement.

Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats underwent orthodontic movement (21 days) of the first permanent maxillary molars on the left side. The experimental group (caffeine; n = 13) and control group (n = 12) received caffeine and water, respectively, by gavage. Microcomputed tomography was performed to analyze orthodontic movement. Histologic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate and osteoclast count by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were conducted. Maxilla tissue was evaluated for receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin by immunohistochemistry.

Results: Caffeine exhibited a lower bone volume/tissue volume ratio (78.09% ± 5.83%) than the control (86.84% ± 4.89%; P <0.05). Inflammatory infiltrate was increased in the caffeine group compared with the control group (P <0.05). A higher number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells was observed in the caffeine (9.67 ± 1.73) than in the control group (2.66 ± 0.76; P <0.01). Immunoexpression of RANK and RANKL in the caffeine group was greater than the control (P <0.05).

Conclusions: The use of caffeine thermogenic induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin signaling pathways.