Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Weight Gain Recurrence 5 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

Stephany L Lobão; Adler S Oliveira; Josefina Bressan; Sônia L Pinto

doi:10.1007/s11695-024-07291-5

Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Weight Gain Recurrence 5 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

Obes Surg. 2024 May 18. doi: 10.1007/s11695-024-07291-5. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Stephany L Lobão¹, Adler S Oliveira¹, Josefina Bressan², Sônia L Pinto³

Affiliations

¹ Federal University of Tocantins, Avenida NS-15, Quadra 109, Norte, S/N - Plano Diretor Norte, AlCNO 14, Bloco D, Palmas, TO CEP 77001-090, Brazil.
² Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
³ Federal University of Tocantins, Avenida NS-15, Quadra 109, Norte, S/N - Plano Diretor Norte, AlCNO 14, Bloco D, Palmas, TO CEP 77001-090, Brazil. sonialopes@uft.edu.br.

PMID: 38762612
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07291-5

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate evolution of ultra-processed food intake and recurrent weight gain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Materials and methods: This study is an observational longitudinal study that evaluated patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery at four time points: before surgery and at 3, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected through two 24-h dietary recalls. All foods consumed were classified according to degree of processing. Recurrent weight gain was considered the difference between current weight and nadir weight.

Results: The sample consisted of 58 patients with a mean age of 38.7 ± 8.9 years and 68% female. After 60 months, mean excess weight loss and recurrent weight gain were 73.6 ± 27.2% and 22.5 ± 17.4%. Calorie and macronutrient intake decreased significantly between the pre-surgery period, and 3 and 12 months post-surgery; however, there was no significant difference after 60 months. In relation to food groups or macronutrients, no difference was observed between the pre-surgery period and 60 months post-surgery. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods to calorie intake gradually decreased after 3 months post-surgery.

Conclusion: The profile of dietary intake after 60 months of metabolic and bariatric surgery tends to approach that of the pre-surgery period. The contribution of unprocessed and minimally processed foods to calorie intake decreased after 60 months, while ultra-processed food contribution increased.

Keywords: Bariatric surgery; Food consumption; Metabolic and bariatric surgery; NOVA; Recurrent weight gain; Ultra-processed foods; Weight recurrence.