Use of high-pressure processing and low-temperature storage to extend the performance shelf-life of two types of String cheese

M A Becher; S Govindasamy-Lucey; J J Jaeggi; M E Johnson; B G Prochaska; J A Lucey

doi:10.3168/jds.2024-24758

Use of high-pressure processing and low-temperature storage to extend the performance shelf-life of two types of String cheese

J Dairy Sci. 2024 May 16:S0022-0302(24)00807-5. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-24758. Online ahead of print.

Authors

M A Becher¹, S Govindasamy-Lucey², J J Jaeggi³, M E Johnson³, B G Prochaska³, J A Lucey⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706.
² Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706. Electronic address: rani@cdr.wisc.edu.
³ Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706.
⁴ Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706; Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706.

PMID: 38762114
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24758

Abstract

The manufacturing method of String cheese is similar to Mozzarella, but the hot curd is extruded through narrow tubes or pipes, which align the protein fibers that provides the characteristic ability for consumers to pull strings from this cheese. Firmness is another important performance attribute for consumers who just bite into the String cheese without peeling off strings. There have only been a few studies on String cheese, but it is known that stringiness and firmness decrease during prolonged storage, which is a particular challenge for exporting String cheese. We explored 2 treatments to try to retain the stringiness and firmness of String cheese for longer storage periods. The techniques used were high pressure processing (HPP; 600 MPa for 3 min) and reduced storage temperature (0°C). In other cheese varieties, these techniques have helped extend the performance shelf-life. We tested these techniques using the 2 main types of commercial String cheese: direct acid (DASC) and cultured String cheese (CSC), that were obtained from 2 different manufacturing facilities. The DASC had higher fat (∼2.2%) and higher pH values (∼0.2 units) compared with the CSC. The CSC had higher protein content (∼3.4%), higher insoluble calcium content (∼8 mg insoluble Ca/g protein) and higher hardness values (∼4 N) compared with the DASC. Due to the compositional differences, the 2 varieties were statistically analyzed separately for all other attributes. In both cheese types, HPP caused an immediate reduction in stringiness, some solubilization of insoluble calcium, and a slight increase in the cheese pH values. HPP also caused a slight increase in the TPA hardness of the CSC samples until 14 d (possibly due to a slight increase in cheese pH). The use of the 0°C storage temperature reduced proteolysis and helped retain firmness during storage. Low temperature storage could help extend the performance shelf-life of String cheese by a couple of months, but HPP was not suitable as the process caused an immediate reduction in stringiness due to the disruption of the matrix induced by the HPP treatment.

Keywords: Mozzarella String cheese; high pressure processing; low storage temperature.

© 2024, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).