Quantification of Distributions of Local Proton Concentrations in Heterogeneous Soft Matter and Non-Anfinsen Biomacromolecules

J Phys Chem Lett. 2024 May 30;15(21):5625-5632. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00825. Epub 2024 May 17.

Abstract

A new method to quantitatively analyze heterogeneous distributions of local proton densities around paramagnetic centers in unstructured and weakly structured biomacromolecules and soft matter is introduced, and its feasibility is demonstrated on aqueous solutions of stochastically spin-labeled polysaccharides. This method is based on the pulse EPR experiment ih-RIDME (intermolecular hyperfine relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement). Global analysis of a series of RIDME traces allows for a mathematically stable transformation of the time-domain data to the distribution of local proton concentrations. Two pulse sequences are proposed and tested, which combine the ih-RIDME block and the double-electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiment. Such experiments can be potentially used to correlate the local proton concentration with the macromolecular chain conformation. We anticipate an application of this approach in studies of intrinsically disordered proteins, biomolecular aggregates, and biomolecular condensates.