Evaluation of leukocyte ratios as survival prognostic markers in feline retrovirus infections

A Rossi; D Proverbio; R Perego; L Baggiani; E Spada

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106128

Evaluation of leukocyte ratios as survival prognostic markers in feline retrovirus infections

Vet J. 2024 May 14:305:106128. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106128. Online ahead of print.

Authors

A Rossi¹, D Proverbio², R Perego¹, L Baggiani¹, E Spada¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy.
² Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, Lodi 26900, Italy. Electronic address: daniela.proverbio@unimi.it.

PMID: 38754624
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106128

Abstract

The utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic markers in Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infections has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate these leukocyte ratios in retrovirus-positive cats and to evaluate their prognostic value for survival. This retrospective case-control study included 142 cats, 75 FIV-Antibodies (Ab)-positive, 52 FeLV-Antigen (Ag)-positive, and 15 FIV-Ab+FeLV-Ag-positive, and a control population of 142 retrovirus-negative age-, sex-, and lifestyle-matched cats. Signalment, complete blood count at the time of serological testing, and outcome were recorded. Leukocyte ratios were compared within the same case-control population, among the three retrovirus-seropositive populations, and were related to survival time. No significant difference was found in NLR, MLR, or PLR between FIV-Ab-positive and FIV-Ab+FeLV-Ag-positive cats and their cross-matched controls. In the FeLV-Ag-positive population, MLR was significantly lower than in the control population (0.05 and 0.14, respectively, P=0.0008). No ratio discriminated among the three infectious states. No ratio was significantly different between survivors and non-survivors in the population of FIV-Ab-positive cats. MLR at diagnosis was significantly higher in FeLV-Ag-positive cats that died 1-3 years after diagnosis than in FeLV-Ag-positive cats still alive at 3 years (P=0.0284). None of the three ratios could predict retroviruses-positive cats that would survive to the end of the study. Overall the results indicate that NLR, MLR, and PLR are not significantly different among retrovirus statuses evaluated and had a very limited prognostic value for the survival time in retrovirus-positive cats.

Keywords: Feline immunodeficiency virus; Feline leukemia virus; Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio; Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; Platelet-lymphocyte ratio.