Impacts of intensive smooth cordgrass removal on net ecosystem exchange in a saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone of Southeast China

Xudong Zhu; Minghao Ma; Lichun Li; Mingjie Li

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173202

Impacts of intensive smooth cordgrass removal on net ecosystem exchange in a saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone of Southeast China

Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jul 15:934:173202. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173202. Epub 2024 May 14.

Authors

Xudong Zhu¹, Minghao Ma², Lichun Li³, Mingjie Li⁴

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem (Xiamen University), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China. Electronic address: xdzhu@xmu.edu.cn.
² State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem (Xiamen University), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China.
³ Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
⁴ Technology Innovation Center for South China Sea Remote Sensing, Surveying and Mapping Collaborative Application, South China Sea Development Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

PMID: 38754517
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173202

Abstract

Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in disturbed tidal wetlands remain less investigated, albeit the importance of these 'blue carbon' ecosystems in mitigating climate change has been increasingly recognized. The invasion of smooth cordgrass into China's unvegetated tidal wetlands promotes the carbon sink, however little is known about the changes in NEE when the cordgrass is intensively removed. Here, two-year continuous eddy covariance measurements from Nov. 2021 to Oct. 2023 were used to examine how intensive cordgrass removal affects NEE in a cordgrass-dominated saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone of Southeast China. The results showed (a) this wetland acted as a monthly CO₂ sink throughout the pre-removal year with nearly 90 % of the annual sink (-719.7 g C m^-2 yr^-1) in the cordgrass growing season from Apr. to Oct.; (b) the cordgrass removal turned this high-sink wetland into a weak CO₂ source at an annual scale (39.0 g C m^-2 yr^-1), while the change of the sink was diurnally and seasonally unequal with daytime and growing season, respectively, accounting for the majority of the reduction; (c) tidal inundation exerted inhibitive effects on the response of daytime and nighttime NEE to photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature, respectively, with the changes in all-day NEE more driven by photosynthesis than ecosystem respiration. As one of the first assessments on the impacts of cordgrass removal on NEE, this study confirms the reduction in annual CO₂ sink is predominantly attributed to the cordgrass removal instead of the climatic difference. This study highlights the importance of the interactive effects among phenological, meteorological, and tidal factors in regulating the seasonality of NEE and its changes along with cordgrass removal. Future longer flux measurements with extended years are needed to complement the present assessment of the cordgrass removal-induced impacts on NEE from a long-term perspective.

Keywords: Blue carbon; Eddy covariance; Phenology; Spartina alterniflora; Zhangjiang estuary.