[Application of three-dimensional ultrasound technique in repairing dorsal foot wounds with medial sural artery perforator flaps]

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2024 May 15;38(5):593-597. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202312079.
[Article in Chinese]

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of positioning perforator of medial sural artery with three-dimensional ultrasound technique guided by a wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe before operation, and the effectiveness of the flap design based on this in repairing the dorsal foot wounds.

Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2022, 30 patients with skin and soft tissue defects of the dorsal foot were treated. There were 19 males and 11 females, with an average age of 43.9 years (range, 22-63 years). There were 12 cases of traffic accident injury, 15 cases of heavy crushing injury, and 3 cases of machine injury. The time from injury to hospitalization was 1-8 hours (mean, 3.5 hours). The wounds in size of 5 cm×3 cm to 17 cm×5 cm were thorough debrided and covered with vacuum sealing drainage dressing. Then the wounds were repaired with the medial sural artery perforator flaps after no obvious infection observed. To obtain the complete three-dimensional image, the number and position of the medial sural artery perforator branches and the position of the main blood vessels in the muscle were detected and recorded by wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe before operation. Suitable perforating branches were selected to design the flap and guide the flap incision on this basis. The size of the perforating flap ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 18 cm×6 cm. The sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated by comparing preoperative exploration with intraoperative observation of perforating branches, so as to evaluate the positioning accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound technique. The donor sites were sutured directly in 25 cases and repaired with free skin grafting in 5 cases.

Results: The 60 perforating branches of medial sural artery were found before operation and 58 during operation in 30 patients. Among them, pre- and intra-operative perforations were consistent with 56. The sensitivity was 93.3% and positive predictive value was 96.6%. The intramuscular position and route of the main blood vessels were basically consistent with the pre- and intra-operative observation. All flaps survived and wounds healed by first intention. All incisions at the donor sites healed by first intention, and all skin grafts survived. All patients were follow up 9-24 months (mean, 14.7 months). The appearance, color, and texture of the flaps were good, and no obvious effect on wearing shoes and walking. At last follow-up, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind score ranged from 80 to 92, with an average of 87.5. The patient satisfaction was excellent in 29 cases and good in 1 case.

Conclusion: The three-dimensional ultrasound technique guided by the wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe can accurately locate the perforating branch of the medial sural artery, and the three-dimensional imaging is more intuitive, which can be used to guide the design and incision of the medial sural artery perforator flap.

目的: 探讨对腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣采用宽频线阵容积探头引导下三维超声技术定位穿支的准确性,以及基于此设计皮瓣修复足背创面的疗效。.

方法: 2019年1月—2022年12月,收治30例足背皮肤软组织缺损患者。男19例,女11例;年龄22~63岁,平均43.9岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤12例,重物压砸伤15例,机器伤3例。受伤至入院时间1~8 h,平均3.5 h。彻底清创后创面范围为5 cm×3 cm~17 cm×5 cm,予以封闭式负压引流敷料覆盖,待创面无明显感染后行腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复。术前采用宽频线阵容积探头对腓肠内侧动脉穿支及主干血管进行探测,获得完整三维图像,记录穿支数量、位置以及主干血管在肌肉内位置、走行方式,并在此基础上选择合适穿支设计皮瓣及指导皮瓣切取;术中皮瓣切取范围6 cm×4 cm~18 cm×6 cm。将术前探测与术中观察的穿支进行对比,计算敏感度及阳性预测值,评估三维超声技术定位穿支的准确性。供区直接拉拢缝合25例,游离植皮修复5例。.

结果: 30例患者术前探测发现60支腓肠内侧动脉穿支、术中发现58支,其中术前与术中相符穿支56支,敏感度93.3%、阳性预测值96.6%;术前探测及术中观察主干血管在肌肉内位置、走行方式基本相符。术后皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合;供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮成活。患者均获随访,随访时间9~24个月,平均14.7个月。皮瓣外观、色泽、质地良好,穿鞋及行走无明显影响;末次随访时美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分为80~92分,平均87.5分;患者满意度达优29例、良1例。.

结论: 宽频线阵容积探头引导下三维超声技术定位腓肠内侧动脉穿支准确,三维成像更直观,可用于指导腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣设计及切取。.

Keywords: Medial sural artery perforator flap; dorsum of foot; three-dimensinal ultrasound technique; wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe; wound repair.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Arteries
  • Female
  • Fibula / blood supply
  • Foot Injuries* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Imaging, Three-Dimensional*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Perforator Flap* / blood supply
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / methods
  • Skin Transplantation / methods
  • Soft Tissue Injuries* / diagnostic imaging
  • Soft Tissue Injuries* / surgery
  • Ultrasonography* / methods
  • Wound Healing
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

2022年无锡市卫生健康委员会面上项目(M202243)