A comprehensive evaluation of serum circCSPP1 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) has high incidence and mortality due to its low early screening efficiency. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs which is closely related to GC. Nevertheless, the clinical application value of circRNAs in GC are largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the role of a novel circRNA named circCSPP1 in patients with GC.

Methods: CircRNA sequencing was performed to screen out the target molecule. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilized to detect the expression level of circCSPP1 in GC tissues, cells, and serum. Gel and Sanger sequencing were utilized to verify the ring structure of circCSPP1. RNase R enzyme digestion experiment and actinomycin D experiment were verifed the advantage of circCSPP1 as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with GC when that compared with linear RNA. The correlation between the expression level of serum circCSPP1 and clinicopathological data of GC patients was further analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under ROC curve (AUC) were utilied to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results: CircCSPP1 has a circular structure which with resistance to RNA exonuclease digestion and long half-life compared with linear RNA. In our study, circCSPP1 was first found up-regulated in patients with GC. Serum circCSPP1 level was decreased significantly after surgical resection whereas increased after recurrence. High expression of circCSPP1 was associated with poor survival rates. The expression level of circCSPP1 was significantly correlated to tumor size, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. The AUC of serum circCSPP1 was 0.834, with high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating patients with GC from healthy donors. More importantly, the combined diagnosis of circCSPP1, CEA, and CA19-9 achieved the superior AUC of 0.882, with the highest specificity.

Conclusion: Serum circCSPP1 may prove to be a potential non-invasive auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for patients with GC.

Keywords: Biogenesis; Biomarker; CircCSPP1; Diagnosis; Gastric cancer.