Weak signal detection technique based on Durbin-Watson test and one-bit sampling

Xiru Zhao; Jiadong Hu; Kenan Wu; Haiyun Xia; Daihao Yu

doi:10.1063/5.0198084

Weak signal detection technique based on Durbin-Watson test and one-bit sampling

Rev Sci Instrum. 2024 May 1;95(5):054705. doi: 10.1063/5.0198084.

Authors

Xiru Zhao¹, Jiadong Hu¹, Kenan Wu^{1

2}, Haiyun Xia^{1

2

3}, Daihao Yu¹

Affiliations

¹ China Meteorological Administration Aerosol-Cloud and Precipitation Key Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
² School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
³ National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

PMID: 38739425
DOI: 10.1063/5.0198084

Abstract

Correlation-based detection techniques are widely used in the weak periodic signal detection field. Traditionally, they are based on extracting the correlation of a weak signal from noise. Considering the impact of a weak signal on the randomness of background noise, this article takes the opposite approach and proposes a weak signal detection technique based on the Durbin-Watson (DW) test and one-bit sampling, detecting the weak signal due to the extent to which the randomness of noise is affected. The randomness of noise is analyzed through the DW test, which is a method for detecting the randomness of data sequences through first-order autocorrelation. One-bit sampling is adopted to reduce the complexity of the sampling circuit and data processing algorithm. The effectiveness of the DW test in the situation of one-bit sampling is demonstrated through simulation and analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed technique is capable of detecting weak sinusoidal and square-wave signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above -30 dB, and the frequency or SNR of a weak signal can be further estimated based on mutual constraints. The measured results confirm the capability. In addition, the factors of coherent sampling, noise bandwidth, and comparator threshold that influence the performance of the proposed technique are simulated and discussed in detail.