Fe3O4-modified FeCl3/graphite intercalation compound confinement architecture for unleashing the high-performance anode potential of lithium-ion batteries

Kai Zhou; Baiyu Guo; Jun Ma; Siyu Cui; Yuying Bao; Tao Wang; Hailong Qiu; Di Jin

doi:10.1039/d4cp00847b

Fe₃O₄-modified FeCl₃/graphite intercalation compound confinement architecture for unleashing the high-performance anode potential of lithium-ion batteries

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2024 May 22;26(20):14898-14907. doi: 10.1039/d4cp00847b.

Authors

Kai Zhou¹, Baiyu Guo¹, Jun Ma¹, Siyu Cui¹, Yuying Bao¹, Tao Wang¹, Hailong Qiu¹, Di Jin²

Affiliations

¹ Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China. wtcnec@stumail.ysu.edu.cn.
² State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. jindi0124@ysu.edu.cn.

PMID: 38738560
DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00847b

Abstract

The ferric trichloride (FeCl₃)-intercalated graphite intercalation compound (GIC) has high reversible capacity and bulk density, making it a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. However, its practical application has been limited by the poor cycle performance due to chloride dissolution and shuttling issues. Herein, FeCl₃-GIC is used as the precursor material to synthesize a nano-Fe₃O₄-modified intercalation material by a solvothermal method. The Fe₃O₄ moiety at the edge of FeCl₃-GIC provides a robust chemical anchoring effect on the chlorides. Together with the two-dimensional graphite layer, it forms a confinement space, which effectively immobilizes soluble chlorides. Attributed to the distinctive structural design, the Fe₃O₄-FeCl₃/GIC 25% C electrode offers a high reversible capacity of 691.4 mA h g^-1 at 1000 mA g^-1 after 400 cycles. At 2000 and 5000 mA g^-1, the reversible specific capacity of the Fe₃O₄-FeCl₃/GIC 25% C electrode is 345.6 and 218.3 mA h g^-1, respectively. This work presents an innovative method to improve the lifespan of GIC.