Towards optimizing the protocol for untargeted profiling of urine volatiles via gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. A pilot study

J Physiol Pharmacol. 2024 Apr;75(2):215-222. doi: 10.26402/jpp.2024.2.10. Epub 2024 May 6.

Abstract

The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in various biological samples holds immense potential for non-invasive disease diagnostics and metabolic profiling. One of the biological fluids that are suitable for use in clinical practice is urine. Given the limited quantity of VOCs in the urine headspace, it's imperative to enhance their extraction into the gaseous phase and prevent any degradation of VOCs during the thawing process. The study aimed to test several key parameters (incubation time, temperature, and thawing) that can influence urine volatilome and monitor selected VOCs for their stability. The analysis in this study was performed using a BreathSpec® (G.A.S., Dortmund, Germany) device consisting of a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). Testing three different temperatures and incubation times yielded a low number of VOCs (9 out of 34) that exhibited statistically significant differences. However, examining three thawing conditions revealed no VOCs with statistically significant changes. Thus, we conclude that urine composition remains relatively stable despite exposure to various thermal stresses.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods
  • Humans
  • Ion Mobility Spectrometry* / methods
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pilot Projects
  • Temperature
  • Volatile Organic Compounds* / analysis
  • Volatile Organic Compounds* / urine
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Volatile Organic Compounds