Uv-vis spectroscopy for simple chloride content analysis in edible oil using charged amino-functionalized carbon quantum dots fluorophore reagent

Mohd Hafiz Abu Bakar; Nur Hidayah Azeman; Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak; Nur Afifah Ahmad Nazri; Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal; Muhammad Qayyum Othman; Fairuz Abdullah; Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2024.124419

Uv-vis spectroscopy for simple chloride content analysis in edible oil using charged amino-functionalized carbon quantum dots fluorophore reagent

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2024 May 7:317:124419. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124419. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mohd Hafiz Abu Bakar¹, Nur Hidayah Azeman², Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak³, Nur Afifah Ahmad Nazri⁴, Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal⁵, Muhammad Qayyum Othman⁴, Fairuz Abdullah⁶, Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar⁷

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: hafis.abubakar@uniten.edu.my.
² Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
³ Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor.
⁴ Photonics Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁵ Photonics Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
⁶ Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁷ Photonics Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ashrif@ukm.edu.my.

PMID: 38733916
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124419

Abstract

The utilization of UV-Vis spectroscopy with amino-functionalized carbon quantum dots (NCQD) as a positive fluorophore reagent for chloride sensing in oil marks a notable advancement in analytical spectroscopy chemistry. This approach streamlines the detection process by eliminating the need for lengthy procedures and pretreatment steps typically associated with chloride detection in edible oil. By incorporating NCQD in chloride detection within the oil matrix, the wavelength analysis transitions from the UV to the visible region. This shift eliminates interference from oil matrix interactions, ensuring more accurate results. Molecular analysis of NCQD reveals significant shifts in its Fourier Transformation Infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopy peaks due to interaction with chloride in edible oil. It has two impressive sensitivity ranges spanning from 0.1-1.0 to 1.0-8.0 ppm, with a value of -0.4656 au. ppm^-1 (R² = 0.998) and -0.0361 au. ppm^-1 (R² = 0.931), respectively, the technique meets regulatory standards while achieving a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ppm. This places it on par with conventional methods and commercial sensors. The NCQD-UV-Vis spectroscopy method not only enhances the efficiency and accuracy of chloride detection but also holds promise for various industrial applications requiring simple and precise monitoring of chloride levels in oil samples.

Keywords: Edible oil; Ion detection and reagent; Quantum dots; Spectroscopy.