Fermented dietary fiber from soy sauce residue exerts antidiabetic effects through regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and gut microbiota-SCFAs-GPRs axis in type 2 diabetic mellitus mice

Zheqi Mo; Minmin Zhan; Xiaoshuang Yang; Peichun Xie; Jie Xiao; Yong Cao; Hang Xiao; Mingyue Song

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132251

Fermented dietary fiber from soy sauce residue exerts antidiabetic effects through regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and gut microbiota-SCFAs-GPRs axis in type 2 diabetic mellitus mice

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May 9;270(Pt 2):132251. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132251. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Zheqi Mo¹, Minmin Zhan², Xiaoshuang Yang¹, Peichun Xie¹, Jie Xiao¹, Yong Cao¹, Hang Xiao³, Mingyue Song⁴

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
² Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
³ Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
⁴ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: songmy@scau.edu.cn.

PMID: 38729488
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132251

Abstract

The gut plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolic disorders, particularly in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While a high intake of dietary fiber is inversely associated with the risk of T2DM, the specific effects of various dietary fibers on T2DM are not fully understood. This study investigated the anti-diabetic properties of fermented dietary fiber (FDF) derived from soy sauce residue in T2DM mice, demonstrating its ability to lower blood glucose levels and ameliorate insulin resistance. Our findings revealed that FDF could enhance hepatic glucose metabolism via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, the anti-diabetic effect of FDF was correlated with alterations in gut microbiota composition in T2DM mice, promoting a healthier gut environment. Specifically, FDF increased the abundance of beneficial flora such as Dubosiella, Butyricimonas, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lactobacillus and Osillibacter, while reducing harmful bacteria including Bilophila, Parabacteroides and Enterorhabdus. Further analysis of microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs), provided evidence of FDF's regulatory effects on cecal contents in T2DM mice. Importantly, FDF treatment significantly restored the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) expression in the colon of T2DM mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that the anti-diabetic effects of FDF are associated with the regulation of both the liver-gut axis and the gut microbiota-SCFAs-GPRs axis.

Keywords: Fermented dietary fiber; Gut microbiota; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway; SCFAs-GPRs; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.