This study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of serum procalcitonin (PCT), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with different types of pneumonia caused by different pathogenic infections. One hundred and one children with pneumonia admitted to The Fifth People Hospital of Zhuhai from July 2019 to June 2020 were enrolled and divided into 38 cases in the bacterial group, 30 cases in the mycoplasma group, and 33 cases in the virus group according to the different types of pathogens. The patients were divided into 42 cases in the noncritical group, 33 cases in the critical group, and 26 cases in the very critical group according to the pediatric clinical illness score (PCIS), and 30 healthy children were selected as the control group during the same period. Comparison of serum PCT, SAA: bacterial group > mycoplasma group > viral group > control group with significant differences (P < .05). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curves (AUCs) of serum PCT, LTB4, SAA, and CRP for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia were 1.000, 0.531, 0.969, and 0.833, respectively, and the AUCs for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia were 0.653, 0.609, 0.547, and 0.652, respectively, and the AUCs for the diagnosis of viral pneumonia were 0.888, 0.570, 0.955, and 1.000, respectively. Comparison of serum PCT, LTB4, SAA: very critical group > critical group > noncritical group > control group, with significant differences (P < .05). Serum PCT, LTB4, and SAA were negatively correlated with PCIS score by Pearson analysis (P < .05). Serum PCT and SAA showed diagnostic value for bacterial pneumonia, and serum SAA and CRP showed diagnostic value for viral pneumonia; serum PCT, LTB4, and SAA correlate with severity of disease and show higher expression with worsening of the condition.
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