Endoscopic mucosal phenotypes and endoscopic Sydney system gastritis assessment in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection and upper digestive clinical signs: A 2-year study among patients with gastroduodenal disorders in Cameroon

Lionel Danny Tali Nguefak; Ghislaine Florice Faujo Nintewoue; Ngimgoh Ngemeshe Stanley; Paul Talla; Ghislaine Ngatcha; Sartre Michele Tagni; Nzoume Nsope Mengang Jude-Marcel; Dzoyem Jean Paul; Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu Mabeku

doi:10.1002/jgh3.13060

Endoscopic mucosal phenotypes and endoscopic Sydney system gastritis assessment in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection and upper digestive clinical signs: A 2-year study among patients with gastroduodenal disorders in Cameroon

JGH Open. 2024 May 8;8(5):e13060. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.13060. eCollection 2024 May.

Authors

Lionel Danny Tali Nguefak¹, Ghislaine Florice Faujo Nintewoue¹, Ngimgoh Ngemeshe Stanley¹, Paul Talla², Ghislaine Ngatcha³, Sartre Michele Tagni³, Nzoume Nsope Mengang Jude-Marcel⁴, Dzoyem Jean Paul¹, Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu Mabeku^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon.
² Department of Gastroenterology General Hospital Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon.
³ Department of Gastroenterology Centre Médicale la Cathédrale Yaoundé Cameroon.
⁴ Department of Gastroenterology Regional Hospital Bafoussam Bafoussam Cameroon.
⁵ Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon.

Abstract

Background and aim: Helicobacter pylori represents the major pathogen in the pathophysiology of diverse gastrointestinal conditions. This study sought to determine the endoscopic aspect of the gastric mucosa in relation to H. pylori infection in Cameroon.

Methods: This study was conducted in three reference health facilities in Cameroon from October 2020 to October 2022. The study enrolled 494 consecutive volunteer dyspeptic patients attending to the gastroenterology department of the selected health facilities. A description of the aspect of gastric mucosa of all participants was performed during endoscopy examination, and biopsies were collected for H. pylori detection using rapid urease tests.

Results: Gastritis, ulcerated lesions, duodenitis, esophagitis, normal mucosa aspect, bulbitis, and gastric neoplastic lesions were found in 40.1, 22.3, 10.9, 10.3, 9.7, 6.3, and 0.40% of biopsy samples, respectively. Erythematous/exudative (45.9%) and enterogastric reflux (12.2%) were the main gastritis types recorded. H. pylori was present in 58.1, 46.3, 87.1, 66.7, and 61.8% in gastritis, duodenitis, bulbitis, esophagitis, and ulcerated lesions, respectively. A positive relationship was noticed between the presence of H. pylori and gastritis (1.037 [0.720-1.493]; P = 0.845), bulbitis (4.237 [1.602-11.235]; P = 0.004), esophagitis (1.515 [0.822-2.793]; P = 0.183), ulcerated lesions (1.233 [0.798-1.904]; P = 0.345), erythematous/exudative gastritis (1.354 [0.768-2.389]; P = 0.295), and enterogastric reflux gastritis (1.159 [0.492-2.733]; P = 0.736).

Conclusion: Gastritis and erythematous/exudative gastritis are the most frequent gastrointestinal pathophysiology conditions in dyspeptic patient in our milieu. H. pylori infection is responsible for 94.8% of the gastrointestinal pathophysiology conditions with bulbitis as the condition is significantly associated with this bacterium infection.

Keywords: Cameroon; Helicobacter pylori infection; endoscopic indications; gastritis type; inflammatory lesions; neoplastic lesions; ulcerative lesion.