A perspective on the worst ever dengue outbreak 2023 in Bangladesh: What makes this old enemy so deadly, and how can we combat it?

Rapty Sarker; A S M Roknuzzaman; Faisal Abdullah Emon; Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan; Md Jamal Hossain; Md Rabiul Islam

doi:10.1002/hsr2.2077

A perspective on the worst ever dengue outbreak 2023 in Bangladesh: What makes this old enemy so deadly, and how can we combat it?

Health Sci Rep. 2024 May 8;7(5):e2077. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.2077. eCollection 2024 May.

Authors

Rapty Sarker¹, A S M Roknuzzaman¹, Faisal Abdullah Emon¹, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan¹, Md Jamal Hossain², Md Rabiul Islam³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh.
² Department of Pharmacy State University of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh.
³ School of Pharmacy BRAC University Dhaka Bangladesh.

Abstract

Background and aims: Bangladesh has been going through outbreaks of dengue fever cases every year since 2000. Yet this year's (2023) episode of dengue fever has crossed every line concerning fatality. Symptoms of the fever range from high fever, headaches, and muscle aches to deadly dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The present review aims to assess the current pathogenicity and associated risk factors of recent dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh.

Methods: To perform this review work, we extracted relevant information from published articles available in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We used dengue virus, dengue fever, and dengue outbreaks as keywords while searching for information.

Results: This Aedes mosquito-transmitted viral fever is more common in Bangladesh because of the tropical nature and immense burden of populations, resulting in convenient conditions for the reproduction of the vector. The rapid genetic transformation of this RNA virus and the resistance of its vector against insecticides have intensified the situation. The number of hospitalized patients has increased, and the case fatality rate has risen to 0.47%. Inadequate mosquito control measures, plenty of vector breeding sites, and a lack of public awareness have worsened the situation. Routine spraying of effective insecticides in high-risk zones, regular inspection of potential mosquito breeding sites, and public awareness campaigns are the keys to limiting the spread of this virus. Also, the availability of detection kits, improved hospital settings, and trained health professionals are mandatory to keep disease fatalities under control.

Conclusion: Dengue fever is a preventable disease. The successful development of a competent vaccine is now a prime need for preventing any future upsurge of the disease. Also, we recommend public awareness, vector control activities, and global collaboration to prevent spread.

Keywords: communicable diseases; dengue; dengue fever; dengue virus; disease outbreaks; public health.