Comparison between propofol and total inhalational anaesthesia on cardiovascular outcomes following on-pump cardiac surgery in higher-risk patients: a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study

Open Heart. 2024 May 9;11(1):e002630. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2024-002630.

Abstract

Objectives: Myocardial revascularisation and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause ischaemia-reperfusion injury, leading to myocardial and other end-organ damage. Volatile anaesthetics protect the myocardium in experimental studies. However, there is uncertainty about whether this translates into clinical benefits because of the coadministration of propofol and its detrimental effects, restricting myocardial protective processes.

Methods: In this single-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled feasibility trial, higher-risk patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with an additive European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation ≥5 were randomised to receive either propofol or total inhalational anaesthesia as single agents for maintenance of anaesthesia. The primary outcome was the feasibility of recruiting and randomising 50 patients across two cardiac surgical centres, and secondary outcomes included the feasibility of collecting the planned perioperative data, clinically relevant outcomes and assessments of effective patient identification, screening and recruitment.

Results: All 50 patients were recruited within 11 months in two centres, allowing for a 13-month hiatus in recruitment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 50/108 (46%) of eligible patients were recruited. One patient withdrew before surgery and one patient did not undergo surgery. All but one completed in-hospital and 30-day follow-up.

Conclusions: It is feasible to recruit and randomise higher-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery to a study comparing total inhalational and propofol anaesthesia in a timely manner and with high acceptance and completion rates.

Trial registration number: NCT04039854.

Keywords: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug Interactions; Outcome Assessment, Health Care.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Multicenter Study
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anesthesia, Inhalation / adverse effects
  • Anesthesia, Inhalation / methods
  • Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics, Inhalation / adverse effects
  • Anesthetics, Intravenous* / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics, Intravenous* / adverse effects
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control
  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass / adverse effects
  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass / methods
  • Coronary Artery Bypass* / adverse effects
  • Coronary Artery Bypass* / methods
  • Feasibility Studies*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pilot Projects
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Propofol* / administration & dosage
  • Propofol* / adverse effects
  • Risk Assessment / methods
  • Risk Factors
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Propofol
  • Anesthetics, Intravenous
  • Anesthetics, Inhalation

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04039854