Analysis of Inflammatory Markers in Response to Induction of Reprometabolic Syndrome by a Eucaloric High Fat Diet in Normal Weight Women

Abstract

Obesity is associated with chronic low-level inflammation and is known to contribute to metabolic dysfunction and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which we have previously termed the 'Reprometabolic Syndrome.' To investigate potential factors involved in obesity-related reproductive endocrine dysfunction, we conducted a secondary analysis of inflammatory markers in a sample of normal weight women exposed to a one-month eucaloric high-fat diet (HFD), which, as reported earlier, induced the relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism characteristic of Reprometabolic Syndrome. Eighteen healthy women with a BMI between 18.0-24.9 kg/m² and regular menstrual cycles participated in the study. Frequent blood sampling was performed during the early follicular phase before and after the one-month eucaloric HFD intervention (48% of calories from fat). Serum samples pooled from each participant were analyzed using immunoassay to measure levels of 30 cytokines, interleukins, and chemokines. Differences between pre- and post-HFD intervention measures were examined by one-sample t-tests. Exposure to the eucaloric HFD did not result in changes in body weight. HFD-induction of Reprometabolic Syndrome in normal weight women was associated with a significant elevation only in the anti- inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (p = 0.04). Eotaxin, IL-6 and MIP-1β also increased in response to the HFD, but not statistically significantly (p = 0.07). Results suggest that the increase in multiple inflammatory markers, typically associated with obesity, are not primary mediators of the relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of Reprometabolic Syndrome. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02653092; Date of Registration: January 6, 2016.

Keywords: Cytokines; High fat diet; Inflammatory markers; Reprometabolic syndrome.