Exploration of the Association Between Sucking Measures and Ability to Attain Independent Oral Feeds Among Infants Who Are Born Preterm

Abstract

Importance: Infants who are born preterm often experience difficulty transitioning from full tube to independent oral feeds, which often prolongs their hospital stay. No clinical measures associated with attainment of independent oral feeds are currently available.

Objective: To identify specific nutritive sucking measures associated with time to attainment of independent oral feeds among infants who are born preterm.

Design: An observational cohort pilot study was undertaken.

Setting: A Level 2 to Level 3 neonatal intensive care unit.

Participants: Fourteen infants (7 male, 7 female) born at or less than 34 wk gestation were enrolled.

Outcomes and measures: The monitored suck measures included average suck strength (millimeters of mercury), average sucking burst duration (seconds), average suck count (number of sucks), and average pause duration (seconds). Time to independent oral feeds (days) and baseline characteristics were also monitored. The nutritive sucking measures were recorded once, during the first 5 min of an oral feed, when infants were taking an average of three to four oral feeds per day using a nipple monitoring device.

Results: An inverse relation was found among average suck burst duration (p = .04), gestational age (p = .03), and days to attainment of independent oral feeds.

Conclusions and relevance: Study results suggest that average sucking burst duration, during the first 5 min of an oral feed, is associated with time to attain independent oral feeds. Plain-Language Summary: Sucking burst duration is a simple measure that may be used clinically to identify early on infants who may have trouble transitioning from full tube to independent oral feedings. The results of this study suggest that a suck burst duration in the first 5 min of an oral feeding is inversely associated with the length of time to achieve independent oral feeding. The results highlight the importance of considering an infant's nutritive sucking ability when evaluating their potential to achieve independent oral feedings.