Clinical and histopathological factors for recurrence and metastasis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma in Chinese patients

Xiaowen Zhou; Yiyi Feng; Yidi Yang; Chunyan Zong; Yilin Yu; Tianyu Zhu; Jiahao Shi; Renbing Jia; Huifang Chen; Yimin Li; Xin Song

doi:10.1177/11206721241249503

Clinical and histopathological factors for recurrence and metastasis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma in Chinese patients

Eur J Ophthalmol. 2024 Apr 30:11206721241249503. doi: 10.1177/11206721241249503. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xiaowen Zhou^{1

2}, Yiyi Feng^{1

2}, Yidi Yang^{1

2}, Chunyan Zong^{1

2}, Yilin Yu^{1

2}, Tianyu Zhu^{1

2}, Jiahao Shi^{1

2}, Renbing Jia^{1

2}, Huifang Chen³, Yimin Li^{1

2}, Xin Song^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P.R. China.
³ Nursing Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20001, P.R. China.

PMID: 38689460
DOI: 10.1177/11206721241249503

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the association of metabolism-related proteins and clinicopathological features with poor prognosis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC).

Methods: Clinicopathological data for 39 Chinese patients with LGACC enrolled were retrospectively analysed. Disease progression included death, recurrence, further nodal metastasis, and distant metastasis. Expression of ASCT2 and GLS1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for risk factor analyses.

Results: At the end of follow-up, 14 patients (35.9%) developed local recurrence, 13 patients (33.3%) developed distant metastasis, 3 patients (7.7%) developed lymph node metastasis, and 9 patients (23.1%) died. Among the 13 patients who developed distant metastasis, lung metastasis was observed in 8 patients (61.5%), the brain in 8 patients (61.5%), and bone in 1 patient (7.7%). ASCT2 was expressed in 16 (57.14%) cases, while GLS1 had high expression in 19 (67.9%) cases. Advanced T category (≥T3), bone erosion, basaloid subtype, and ASCT2 (-) were associated with disease progression. Basaloid subtype was an independent risk factor for local recurrence (P = 0.028; HR, 12.12; 95% CI, 1.3-111.5). ASCT2(-) was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis (P = 0.016; HR, 14.46; 95% CI, 1.6-127.5) and was associated with basaloid subtype (P = 0.019).

Conclusions: For LGACC, ≥T3 category, basaloid subtype, and bone erosion were high-risk predictors. ASCT2(-) was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis, which suggested that it could be a potential biomarker for LGACC.

Keywords: Orbital surgery < ORBITAL DISEASE; eyelid disease: tumors/neoplasms < OCULOPLASTIC EYELID /LACRIMAL DISEASE; orbital trauma < ORBITAL DISEASE; tumors / neoplasms < TUMORS; tumors/neoplasms < ORBITAL DISEASE.