Self-Powering Gas Sensing System Enabled by Double-Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Poly(2-vinylpyridine)@BaTiO3 Core-Shell Hybrids with Superior Dispersibility and Uniformity

Jiyeon Oh; Jin-Kyeom Kim; Jian Gao; Sungwoo Jung; Wonjun Kim; Geunhyung Park; Jeewon Park; Jeong Min Baik; Changduk Yang

doi:10.1021/acsnano.3c12035

Self-Powering Gas Sensing System Enabled by Double-Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Poly(2-vinylpyridine)@BaTiO₃ Core-Shell Hybrids with Superior Dispersibility and Uniformity

ACS Nano. 2024 May 14;18(19):12146-12157. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12035. Epub 2024 Apr 30.

Authors

Jiyeon Oh¹, Jin-Kyeom Kim², Jian Gao², Sungwoo Jung¹, Wonjun Kim¹, Geunhyung Park¹, Jeewon Park¹, Jeong Min Baik^{2

3

4}, Changduk Yang^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
² School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea.
³ SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
⁴ KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
⁵ Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.

PMID: 38688004
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12035

Abstract

Current core-shell hybrids used in diverse energy-related applications possess limited dispersibility and film uniformity that govern their overall performances. Herein, we showcase superdispersible core-shell hybrids (P2VP@BaTiO₃) composed of a poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) (5-20 wt %) and a barium titanate oxide (BaTiO₃), maximizing dielectric constants by forming the high-quality uniform films. The P2VP@BaTiO₃-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), especially the 10 wt % P2VP (P2VP₁₀@BaTiO₃)-based one, deliver significantly enhanced output performances compared to physically mixed P2VP/BaTiO₃ counterparts. The P2VP₁₀@BaTiO₃-based double-layer TENG exhibits not only an excellent transferred charge density of 281.7 μC m^-2 with a power density of 27.2 W m^-2 but also extraordinary device stability (∼100% sustainability of the maximum output voltage for 54,000 cycles and ∼68.7% voltage retention even at 99% humidity). Notably, introducing the MoS₂/SiO₂/Ni-mesh layer into this double-layer TENG enables ultrahigh charge density of up to 1228 μC m^-2, which is the top value reported for the TENGs so far. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a near-field communication-based sensing system for monitoring CO₂ gas using our developed self-powered generator with enhanced output performance and robustness.

Keywords: Internet of Things; core–shell hybrids; nanoparticles; poly(2-vinylpyridine); sensor network system; triboelectric nanogenerator.