Correlation of Blood Urea and Creatinine Levels With Thiamin Levels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Adnan Anwar; Fizza Faisal; Wajeeha Elahi; Ahsan Illahi; Syed Munawar Alam; Syed Tariq Ali Adnan; Syed Asra Batool; Sania Bhagwandas; Atif A Hashmi

doi:10.7759/cureus.57022

Correlation of Blood Urea and Creatinine Levels With Thiamin Levels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Cureus. 2024 Mar 27;16(3):e57022. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57022. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Adnan Anwar^{1

2}, Fizza Faisal³, Wajeeha Elahi⁴, Ahsan Illahi⁵, Syed Munawar Alam⁶, Syed Tariq Ali Adnan⁷, Syed Asra Batool⁸, Sania Bhagwandas⁹, Atif A Hashmi¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Physiology, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
² Internal Medicine, Essa General Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
³ Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PAK.
⁴ Nephrology, Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
⁵ Community Medicine, Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Government Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
⁶ Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, PAK.
⁷ Community Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK.
⁸ Medicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
⁹ Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK.
¹⁰ Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK.

Abstract

Introduction Serum urea and creatinine levels are the most commonly recognized parameters for evaluating renal impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, this study evaluated the correlation between urea and creatinine levels and thiamin levels in patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at diabetic outpatient clinics in Karachi. The duration of the study was six months, from 1^st January 2023 to 30^th June 2023. A total of 60 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups, i.e., T1DM and T2DM, each containing 30 patients of both genders between the ages of 24 and 42 years. Demographic data and biochemical variables, such as urea, creatinine, random blood sugar, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and serum thiamin levels, were assessed. The Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used to associate the means between the two study groups. The chi-square test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to determine the associations between the variables and T1DM and T2DM. Results The study results revealed that patients with T2DM had a significantly higher frequency of hypertension (p = 0.039), neuropathy (p = 0.038), and coronary artery disease (p = 0.010) than those with T1DM, in both genders. The level of serum thiamin was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) in T2DM (14.8 ± 4.82) than in T1DM patients (7.34 ± 1.90). Similarly, serum creatinine was higher in T2DM than in T1DM patients (0.83 ± 0.12 vs. 0.76 ± 0.17, p = 0.025). Moreover, the correlation of urea and creatinine with thiamin levels in T1DM and T2DM patients revealed that in T1DM and T2DM patients, urea and creatinine showed an insignificant positive correlation with thiamin levels. Conclusion We found a significantly higher level of serum creatinine and thiamin levels in T2DM patients than in T1DM; however, there was no significant correlation between urea and creatinine levels and thiamin status in T1DM and T2DM patients. Therefore, we conclude that although serum urea, creatinine, and serum thiamin are important disease biomarkers in diabetic patients, there is no correlation between them.

Keywords: creatinine; diabetes mellitus; diabetes type 1; diabetes type 2; t1dm; t2dm; thiamin; urea.