Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) are precancerous lesions and are sequela of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. AIN is classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Screening with anal cytology and anoscopy should be considered for high-risk populations. Diagnosis is made through high resolution anaoscopy and biopsy. Options for treatment include ablation and several topical therapies; however, recurrence rates are high for all treatment options, and an ongoing surveillance is necessary to prevent progression to anal squamous cell carcinoma. HPV vaccination is recommended to prevent disease.
Keywords: Anal dysplasia; Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN); Anal warts; Bowen disease; Condyloma acuminata; Human papilloma virus; Intramucosal carcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma in-situ.
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