Preparation and bioevaluation of a novel 99mTc-labelled propylene amine oxime (PnAO) containing two 4-methyl-2-nitroimidazole groups as a promising tumor hypoxia imaging agent

Abstract

Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors, and its presence inhibits the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Accurate measurement of hypoxia before tumor treatment is essential. Three propylene amine oxime (PnAO) derivatives with different substituents attached to 2-nitroimidazole were synthesized in the work, they are 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-1,11-bis(4-bromo-2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione dioxime (Br2P2), 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-1,11-bis(4-methyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione dioxime (Me2P2) and 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-1,11-bis(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione dioxime (2Me2P2). The three compounds were radiolabeled with ^99mTc to give three complexes([^99mTc]Tc-Br2P2, [^99mTc]Tc-Me2P2 and [^99mTc]Tc-2Me2P2) with good in vitro stability. [^99mTc]Tc-Me2P2 with a more suitable reduction potential had the highest hypoxic cellular uptake, compared with [^99mTc]Tc-2P2 that have been previously reported, [^99mTc]Tc-Br2P2 and [^99mTc]Tc-2Me2P2. Biodistribution results in S180 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that [^99mTc]Tc-Me2P2 had the highest tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio (12.37 ± 1.16) at 2 h in the four complexes. Autoradiography and immunohistochemical staining results revealed that [^99mTc]Tc-Me2P2 specifically targeted tumor hypoxic regions. The SPECT/CT imaging results showed that [^99mTc]Tc-Me2P2 could target the tumor site. [^99mTc]Tc-Me2P2 may become a potential hypoxia imaging agent.

Keywords: (99m)Tc; 2-nitroimidazole; Hypoxia imaging agent; PnAO; Reduction potential.