Dynamics in Explicit Gradient Elasticity: Material Frame-Indifference, Boundary Conditions and Consistent Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory

Materials (Basel). 2024 Apr 11;17(8):1760. doi: 10.3390/ma17081760.

Abstract

The paper is concerned with the boundary conditions of explicit gradient elasticity of Mindlin's type in dynamics. It has been argued in an earlier paper that acceleration terms should not be present in the boundary tractions because of objectivity arguments. This is discussed in the present paper in more detail, and it is supplemented by assuming the validity of the principle of material frame indifference. Furthermore, new examples are discussed in order to illustrate that significant differences exist in the responses predicted by boundary tractions with and without acceleration terms.

Keywords: Mindlin’s gradient elasticity; acceleration terms; boundary conditions; consistent Euler–Bernoulli beam theory; extensions of Hamilton’s principle; material frame-indifference.

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.