Serological and epidemiological investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan

Aziz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Tariq Javed; Ishtiaq Ahmed; Muhammad Adnan Saeed; Syed Ehtisham-Ul-Haque; Muhammad Kamran Rafique; Arbab Sikandar; Amar Nasir; Latif Ahmad; Muhammad Kashif; Muhammad Abid Zeeshan

doi:10.5713/ab.23.0532

Serological and epidemiological investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan

Anim Biosci. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0532. Online ahead of print.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathobiology (Pathology Section), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Sub-Campus Jhang), Jhang, 35200, Pakistan.
² Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
³ Department of Pathobiology (Microbiology Section), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Sub-Campus Jhang), Jhang, 35200, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Sub-Campus Jhang), Jhang, 35200, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Sub-Campus Jhang), Jhang, 35200, Pakistan.
⁶ Baqai College of Veterinary Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan.

PMID: 38665082
DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0532

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: A total of 2181 more than two-year-old animals (1242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect ELISA. Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures.

Results: The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin + ELISA test. It varied from 0.71-13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis.

Conclusion: This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.

Keywords: Bovine Paratuberculosis; ELISA; PCR; Tuberculin test.