Background: Hepatitis B rarely leads to demyelinating neuropathy, despite peripheral neuropathy being the first symptom of hepatitis B infection.
Case summary: A 64-year-old man presented with sensorimotor symptoms in multiple peripheral nerves. Serological testing showed that these symptoms were due to hepatitis B. After undergoing treatment involving intravenous immunoglobulin and an antiviral agent, there was a notable improvement in his symptoms.
Conclusion: Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is known to affect hepatocytes, it is crucial to recognize the range of additional manifestations linked to this infection. The connection between long-term HBV infection and demyelinating neuropathy has seldom been documented; hence, prompt diagnostic and treatment are essential. The patient's positive reaction to immunoglobulin seems to be associated with production of the antigen-antibody immune complex.
Keywords: Case report; Demyelinating neuropathy; Electroneuromyography; Extrahepatic manifestations; Hepatitis B virus infection; Intravenous immunoglobulin.
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