Disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection with central nervous system involvement in an HIV patient: a case report and literature review

BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Apr 24;24(1):437. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09316-x.

Abstract

Background: Immunodeficient patients, particularly HIV patients, are at risk of opportunistic infections. Nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause severe complications in immunodeficient patients.

Case presentation: We describe a 57-year-old HIV patient, primarily presented with coughs and constitutional symptoms, with a unique Mycobacterium genavense abdominal, pulmonary, and central nervous system infection, accompanied by intracranial masses.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of NTM, including M. genavense, must always be considered by clinicians in immunodeficient patients, especially those with HIV, who have a compromised immune system.

Keywords: Case report; Central nervous system; HIV; Mycobacterium genavense.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / diagnosis
  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / drug therapy
  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / microbiology
  • HIV Infections* / complications
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mycobacterium / isolation & purification
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous* / drug therapy
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous* / microbiology
  • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / isolation & purification