Cell-Free Supernatant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium breve Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke-Generated Neurological Deficits in Rats

Ziaur Rahman; Hara Prasad Padhy; Manoj P Dandekar

doi:10.1007/s12602-024-10256-w

Cell-Free Supernatant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium breve Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke-Generated Neurological Deficits in Rats

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2024 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10256-w. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ziaur Rahman¹, Hara Prasad Padhy², Manoj P Dandekar³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, PIN 500037, Telangana, India.
² Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
³ Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, PIN 500037, Telangana, India. manoj.dandekar@niperhyd.ac.in.

PMID: 38656733
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10256-w

Abstract

The beneficial effects of probiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics have already been registered in managing ischemic stroke-generated neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis. Herein, we examined the impact of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58 and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01) in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of focal cerebral injury. Pre-MCAO supplementation of probiotics (2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL) for 21 days or CFS (1 mL/rat) for 7 days protect the MCAO-induced somatosensory and motor impairments recorded at 24 h and 72 h after reperfusion in foot-fault, rotarod, adhesive removal, and vibrissae-evoked forelimb placing tests. We also noted the reduced infarct area and neuronal degradation in the right hemisphere of probiotics- and CFS-recipient MCAO-operated animals. Moreover, MCAO-induced altered concentrations of glial-fibrillary acidic protein, NeuN, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were reversed in the treatment groups. Probiotics and CFS treatment ameliorated the elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP9 in the blood plasma of rats. The disrupted microbial phyla, Firmicutes-to-Bacteroides ratio, villi/crypt ratio, and decreased mucin-producing goblet cells, ZO-1, and occludin in the colon of MCAO-operated rats were recovered following probiotics and CFS treatment. NMR characterization of CFS and rat blood plasma revealed the presence of several important bacterial metabolites. These findings suggest that the CFS obtained from Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58 and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01 has the propensity to improve MCAO-generated neurological dysfunctions in rats by dampening neuroinflammation and modulating the gut-brain axis modulators.

Keywords: Bifidobacterium breve; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Cell-free supernatant; Ischemic stroke; Neuroinflammation; Probiotics.