Congenital Hypothyroidism with Thyroid in situ: A Case Report with NKX2-1 and DUOX2 Hypomorphic Variants

Erika Uehara; Naoaki Hori; Kanako Tanase-Nakao; Kazuhisa Akiba; Hidefumi Sueoka; Keiko Matsubara; Satoshi Narumi

doi:10.1159/000538895

Congenital Hypothyroidism with Thyroid in situ: A Case Report with NKX2-1 and DUOX2 Hypomorphic Variants

Horm Res Paediatr. 2024 Apr 18:1-7. doi: 10.1159/000538895. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Erika Uehara^{1

2}, Naoaki Hori³, Kanako Tanase-Nakao⁴, Kazuhisa Akiba^{4

5}, Hidefumi Sueoka^{4

6}, Keiko Matsubara^{4

7}, Satoshi Narumi^{4

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan, uehara-e@ncchd.go.jp.
² Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, uehara-e@ncchd.go.jp.
³ Department of Pediatrics, Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Japan.
⁴ Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
⁷ Division of Diversity Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

PMID: 38636486
DOI: 10.1159/000538895

Abstract

Introduction: NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) encodes a transcription factor, NKX2-1, that is expressed in the thyroid gland, lung, and brain. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) encodes an enzyme which generates hydrogen peroxide and is involved in the thyroid hormone synthesis. Cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with dyshormonogenesis showing two or more genetic variants are increasingly reported. We describe the first case of transient dyshormonogenesis who had experimentally verified a loss-of-function NKX2-1 variant and DUOX2 variants.

Case presentation: The proband was a 15-year-old female patient with CH who was diagnosed in the frame of newborn screening for CH. She had a mildly elevated serum TSH level (14.56 mU/L), a low free thyroxine level (0.87 ng/dL), and a high thyroglobulin (Tg) level (>800 ng/mL). Ultrasonography revealed goiter. She was followed clinically without levothyroxine treatment and showed normal growth and development. She had slightly high Tg levels throughout the clinical course. Next-generation sequencing-based genetic analysis revealed that the patient was heterozygous for an NKX2-1 variant (p.Ile228Ser), a nonsense DUOX2 variant (p.[Lys530*;His678Arg]), and a functional DUOX2 polymorphism (p.His678Arg). NKX2-1 p.Ile228Ser showed about 50% reduced residual activity on the Tg promoter.

Conclusion: A partial loss-of-function NKX2-1 variant with a monoallelic nonsense DUOX2 variant and a DUOX2 functional polymorphism can cause transient CH with high serum Tg levels.

Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism; DUOX2; NKX2-1.

Publication types

Case Reports