Trends in viable microbial bioburden on surfaces within a paediatric bone marrow transplant unit

Samuel Watkin; Elaine Cloutman-Green; Martin Kiernan; Lena Ciric

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2024.03.015

Trends in viable microbial bioburden on surfaces within a paediatric bone marrow transplant unit

J Hosp Infect. 2024 Apr 13:S0195-6701(24)00116-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.03.015. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Samuel Watkin¹, Elaine Cloutman-Green², Martin Kiernan³, Lena Ciric⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: uceswat@ucl.ac.uk.
² Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention and Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
³ Richard Wells Research Centre, University of West London, London, United Kingdom.
⁴ Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

PMID: 38621514
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.03.015

Abstract

Introduction: Despite their role being historically overlooked, environmental surfaces have been shown to play a key role in the transmission of pathogens causative of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). To guide infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions and inform clinical risk assessments, more needs to be known about microbial surface bioburden.

Aims: To identify the trends in culturable bacterial contamination across communal touch sites over time in a hospital setting.

Methodology: Swab samples were collected over nine weeks from 22 communal touch sites in a paediatric bone marrow transplant unit. Samples were cultured on Columbia blood agar and aerobic colony counts (ACC) per 100cm² were established for each site. Individual colony morphologies were grouped and identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry or 16s rDNA sequencing.

Results: Highest mean counts were observed for sites associated with ward management activity and computer devices (3.29 and 2.97 ACC/100cm² respectively). A nurses' station keyboard had high mean ACC/100cm² counts (10.67) and diversity, while laundry controls had high mean ACC/100cm² counts (4.70) and low diversity. Micrococcus luteus was identified in all sampling groups. Clinical staff usage sites were contaminated with similar proportions of skin and environmental flora (52.19% - 46.59% respectively), but sites associated with parental activities were predominantly contaminated by environmental microflora (86.53%).

Conclusion: The trends observed suggest patterns in microbial loading based on site activities, surface types and user groups. Improved understanding of environmental surface contamination could help support results interpretation and IPC interventions, improving patient safety.