Prevalence of Isolated Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Adults in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Zahra Alawi; Wadeeah AlMakna; Fatema Hassan; Marwa Faisal; Hawra Matar; Adel S Alsayyad

doi:10.7759/cureus.56155

Prevalence of Isolated Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Adults in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Cureus. 2024 Mar 14;16(3):e56155. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56155. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Zahra Alawi¹, Wadeeah AlMakna², Fatema Hassan³, Marwa Faisal¹, Hawra Matar¹, Adel S Alsayyad⁴

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, EGY.
² Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR.
³ Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital (Bahrain), Manama, BHR.
⁴ Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR.

Abstract

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal disorder encountered in clinical practice. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of isolated IBS and its associated demographic factors among the adult population in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adults in Bahrain aged 18 years and above. Individuals with a prior diagnosis of any bowel ailment were excluded. Data was acquired via a self-administered questionnaire. IBS-specific questions were derived from the validated Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for adults. The scoring methodology inherent to this questionnaire was used for the diagnosis of IBS. The data collection process remained anonymous. Data was compiled using Excel spreadsheets, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed for analytical purposes. Associations between IBS and demographical or behavioral characteristics were explored using the Chi-square test.

Results: The prevalence of isolated IBS, adopting the Rome IV criteria, was 156 (18.3%) and IBS-M (mixed) type was 40 (38.1%) of these. IBS was predominantly higher among females compared to males (340 vs 235; 22.6% vs 11.9%). The majority of IBS cases (121, 21%) were in the 41-50 age group. A statistically significant association has been demonstrated between IBS and GERD using Pearson's chi-squared test (p-value = 0.000). Similarly, it was linked to indigestion (p-value = 0.00).

Conclusions: Although the percentage appeared to be significantly higher than the global prevalence of 4% (using Rome IV criteria), our findings were equivalent to the reports conducted in the Middle East region. Integrating holistic patient assessments, including quality of life metrics, along with anxiety, depression, and vitamin D deficiency, will further enhance the understanding of IBS in Bahrain and its impact on the patients and the health services utilization.

Keywords: bahrain; ibs; irritable bowel syndrome; prevalence; rome iv criteria.