Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Physical Properties, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities, and Chemical Composition of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oils under Differential Water Stress Conditions

Abdelouahid Laftouhi; Mohamed Adil Mahraz; Anouar Hmamou; Amine Assouguem; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari; Rachid Lahlali; Sezai Ercisli; Sawinder Kaur; Amine Mounadi Idrissi; Noureddine Eloutassi; Zakia Rais; Abdslam Taleb; Mustapha Taleb

doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c00653

Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Physical Properties, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities, and Chemical Composition of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oils under Differential Water Stress Conditions

ACS Omega. 2024 Mar 22;9(14):16656-16664. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00653. eCollection 2024 Apr 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME) Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
² Department of Plant Protection and Environment, École Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Km.10, Route Haj Kaddour, B.P.S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco.
³ Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30000, Morocco.
⁴ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
⁸ Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory-Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco.

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of varying water stress levels on Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils (EO). Three samples (S1, S2, and S3) were cultivated under different stress levels (40, 60, and 80%). Increased water stress led to changes in primary and secondary metabolites, EO contents, and physical properties. Antioxidant activity varied, with S2 exhibiting the highest IC₅₀ value. In terms of antidiabetic activity, S2 showed robust α-amylase inhibition, while S3 displayed a commendable influence. For α-galactosidase inhibition, S3 had a moderate effect, and S2 stood out with increased efficacy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed stress-induced changes in major compounds. The study enhances the understanding of plant responses to water stress, with potential applications in antioxidant therapy and diabetes management. The findings emphasize the importance of sustainable water management for optimizing the EO quality in its various uses.