In situ formation of solidified supramolecular solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the enrichment of phenylurea herbicides in water, fruit juice, and milk

Abstract

A convenient, efficient, and green dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the in situ formation of solidified supramolecular solvents combined with high performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of four phenylurea herbicides in liquid samples, including monuron, monolinuron, isoproturon, and chlortoluron. Herein, a novel supramolecular solvent was prepared by the in situ reaction of [P₄₄₄₈]Br and NH₄PF₆, which had the advantages of low melting point, high density, and good dispersibility. In addition, the microscopic morphology and physical properties of supramolecular solvent were characterized, and the extraction conditions were optimized. The results showed that the analytes had good linearity (R² > 0.9998) within the linear range. The limits of detection and quantification for the four phenylurea herbicides were in the range of 0.13-0.19 μg L^-1 and 0.45-0.65 μg L^-1, respectively. The prepared supramolecular solvent is suitable for the efficient extraction of phenylurea herbicides in water, fruit juice, and milk.

Keywords: Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid; Phenylurea herbicides; Supramolecular solvent.