Modelling the Flow Behaviour of Al Alloy Sheets at Elevated Temperatures Using a Modified Zerilli-Armstrong Model and Phenomenological-Based Constitutive Models

Ali Abd El-Aty; Yong Xu; Yong Hou; Shi-Hong Zhang; Sangyul Ha; Liangliang Xia; Bandar Alzahrani; Alamry Ali; Mohamed M Z Ahmed; Abdallah Shokry

doi:10.3390/ma17071584

Modelling the Flow Behaviour of Al Alloy Sheets at Elevated Temperatures Using a Modified Zerilli-Armstrong Model and Phenomenological-Based Constitutive Models

Materials (Basel). 2024 Mar 29;17(7):1584. doi: 10.3390/ma17071584.

Authors

Ali Abd El-Aty^{1

2}, Yong Xu³, Yong Hou⁴, Shi-Hong Zhang³, Sangyul Ha⁵, Liangliang Xia⁶, Bandar Alzahrani¹, Alamry Ali¹, Mohamed M Z Ahmed¹, Abdallah Shokry⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
² Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
³ Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
⁴ Department of Materials Science and Engineering & RIAM, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
⁵ Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea.
⁶ School of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.

Abstract

The flow behaviour of AA2060 Al alloy under warm/hot deformation conditions is complicated because of its dependency on strain rates (ε˙), strain (ε), and deformation modes. Thus, it is crucial to reveal and predict the flow behaviours of this alloy at a wide range of temperatures (T) and ε˙ using different constitutive models. Firstly, the isothermal tensile tests were carried out via a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical simulator at a T range of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 °C and ε˙ range of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 s^-1 to reveal the warm/hot flow behaviours of AA2060 alloy sheet. Consequently, three phenomenological-based constitutive models (L-MJC, S1-MJC, S2-MJC) and a modified Zerilli-Armstrong (MZA) model representing physically based constitutive models were developed to precisely predict the flow behaviour of AA2060 alloy sheet under a wide range of T and ε˙. The predictability of the developed constitutive models was assessed and compared using various statistical parameters, including the correlation coefficient (R), average absolute relative error (AARE), and root mean square error (RMSE). By comparing the results determined from these models and those obtained from experimentations, and confirmed by R, AARE, and RMSE values, it is concluded that the predicted stresses determined from the S2-MJC model align closely with the experimental stresses, demonstrating a remarkable fit compared to the S1-MJC, L-MJC, and MZA models. This is because of the linking impact between softening, the strain rate, and strain hardening in the S2-MJC model. It is widely known that the dislocation process is affected by softening and strain rates. This is attributed to the interactions that occurred between ε and ε˙ from one side and between ε, ε˙, and T from the other side using an extensive set of constants correlating the constitutive components of dynamic recovery and softening mechanisms.

Keywords: elevated temperatures; flow behaviour; modified Zerilli–Armstrong; phenomenological constitutive models; physical-based constitutive models; strain rate.

Grants and funding

52111530293/National Natural Science Foundation of China