Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides an effective cure for various hematological diseases, especially malignant hematological diseases, its treatment system has been continuously optimized, the source of donors has been expanding, the indications have been expanding, and the therapeutic effect has also made breakthroughs to a certain extent. At present, the status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation technology in most hematological diseases is still unshakable, but the recurrence of the primary disease and complications related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are still two major clinical challenges that affect the long-term survival and quality of life of patients. Cell therapy represented by chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) has made breakthrough progress in the treatment of refractory/recurrent B-cell malignancies. Compared with traditional drugs, cell therapy has unique in vivo metabolic characteristics, relying on immune specific recognition and the repair ability of stem cells. It is currently emerging in the treatment of blood tumors and the management of transplant complications. Multiple clinical studies have preliminarily demonstrated a new diagnostic and therapeutic model combining cell therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
造血干细胞移植为多种血液学疾病尤其是恶性血液病提供了有效治愈办法，其治疗体系不断优化，供者来源不断扩大，适应证不断拓展，疗效也在一定程度上取得了突破。目前造血干细胞移植技术在大部分血液病中的地位仍不可撼动，但是原发病复发及造血干细胞移植相关并发症仍是影响患者长期生存及生活质量的两大临床困境。以嵌合抗原受体T（CAR-T）细胞治疗为代表的细胞治疗在难治/复发B细胞恶性肿瘤的治疗上取得了突破性进展。细胞治疗相比传统药物具有独特的体内代谢动力学特点，依靠免疫特异性识别及干细胞的修复能力，目前在血液肿瘤治疗及移植并发症处理中崭露头角，目前多项临床研究已经初步展现了细胞治疗与造血干细胞移植结合的新诊疗模式。.
Keywords: Cell therapy; Hematological malignancies; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.