Evaluation of Glenoid Fossa Position in Class II Malocclusion Associated with Mandibular Retrusion and Class III Malocclusion Associated with Mandibular Protrusion

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the glenoid fossa in Class II and Class III malocclusions with mandibular retrusion and protrusion.

Materials and methods: A retrospective investigation examined 60 Class II and 60 Class III cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric landmarks and glenoid fossa measurements were taken. Statistical analysis contrasted the two malocclusion groups' glenoid fossas.

Results: Class II malocclusion had a much lower mean Sella-Nasion-Condylion (SNCd) angle (glenoid fossa sagittal position) than Class III (14.6° ± 1.9). Class II malocclusion had a lower mean Sella-Nasion-Gonion (SNGo) angle (32.5° ± 4.3) than Class III (36.2° ± 3.9). The SNCd angle and SNGo angle in both groups demonstrated a negative correlation, demonstrating a relationship between the glenoid fossa and the mandibular sagittal axis.

Conclusion: The glenoid fossa location differs significantly between Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion and Class III with protrusion. Class II malocclusion has a posterior glenoid fossa, while Class III has a less posterior one. Understanding these links may help patients receive more personalized treatment.

Keywords: Class II malocclusion; Class III malocclusion; glenoid fossa; mandibular protrusion; mandibular retrusion.